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Consumer
Demand for Broadband Services: xDSL, Cable Modems, and Wireless
1998-2003
a market research report
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When Insight set out to examine the investment the local phone companies are making in broadband access, our working assumption was that we are on the cusp of a shift in usage patterns from voice to data. After more than 100 years of experience with voice, our telecom networks are about to deliver access to a sensory environment infinitely more rich and satisfying.
Since the early 1990s, much mention has been made of the pent-up consumer demand for broadband access. Originally, this access was thought to be for true video-on-demand. It’s now no big secret that consumer access to the Internet and the Web is driving the market for broadband solutions.
In the next few years, software programs, newspapers, music CDs, and movie DVDs will no longer need to be packaged and delivered to stores, news kiosks, or shopping malls. They will often be delivered electronically over the Internet directly to the home. But, bandwidth constraints of dialup modems are limiting consumers’ access to multimedia applications. According to Insight’s research, 15% of US households with incomes over $35,000 plan to get a high-speed line in 1999. Will their money be spent at the telcos or with the cable companies?
This report estimates the size of different segments of the consumer broadband market. Forecasts include growth in Internet access subscribers, growth by type of connection, market share of competing technologies, and consumer expenditures for online access. It concludes with a discussion of the future broadband market and what telcos must do to compete successfully in this radically changing environment.
Consumer Demand for Broadband Services: xDSL, Cable Modems, & Wireless utilizes primary market research, including Insight’s proprietary survey of 1,018 consumers balanced to match key US Census demographic variables, and provides reliable hard data and expert analysis on consumers’ fast-changing attitudes and purchasing patterns. Secondary sources––information from regulators, government agencies, trade publications, securities houses, and trade shows––offer further intelligence into trends and market sizes. This convergent approach achieves greater insight than is possible with any one type of data, presenting industry players with a sweeping analysis of the complex broadband consumer marketplace.
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Report Excerpt
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The Issues
While crashing costs in the long distance market can
readily be attributed to the impact the new wavelength
division multiplexing technology is having on operational
efficiencies and network capacity constraints, in the
local market the agent of change is far more fundamental.
When we set out to examine the investment the local phone
companies are making in broadband access, our working
assumption was that we are on the cusp of a shift in
usage patterns from voice to data. After more than 100
years of experience with voice, our telecommunications
networks are about to deliver access to a sensory
environment infinitely more rich and satisfying.
This report analyzes the key trends in the rapidly
emerging demand for consumer broadband services, which we
define as network access speeds over 200 Kbit/s. These
services are provided by:
- wireless
- local and multichannel multipoint distribution systems
(LMDS and MMDS),
- wireline
- integrated services digital network (ISDN)
- digital subscriber line (DSL), and
- cable modem, and
- satellite systems.
As the twin forces of deregulation and competition push
the domestic public switched telephone network (PSTN)
forward into a new era of broadband service, these same
forces will make the future for the traditional phone
companies far from certain. For example, in wireline
local access, the telcos’ experience with ISDN has
long been recognized as an unmitigated failure as high
prices, technical incompatibility issues, and poor
marketing kept consumer penetration rates extremely low
after more than 20 years of effort. Today incumbent
telcos are slowly rolling out another wideband access
scheme targeted to consumers. Though we believe it
unlikely they will make the same mistakes in pricing,
selling, and promoting the new higher-speed DSL service,
the slightest misstep will give the cable TV (CATV)
industry the opportunity to gain a powerful advantage in
the residential broadband market.
With ISDN, the telcos never really understood what they
had and how they could take advantage of it, but the
growth of the Internet is going to force them to change.
Telcos now understand that with the advent of tough
competition from the large cable operators, they will
have only one chance to gain these additional
subscribers. In the coming months, more and more telcos
will begin converting their various types of DSL (xDSL)
trials into commercial operations. The Universal ADSL
Working Group (UAWG) said they expected to begin mass
marketing their modems in time for the 1998 holiday
season; however, they seem to be missing the window.
Although there will always be next year for DSL, a
significant portion of the potential high-speed access
population will be closed to DSL if the product is
delayed.
Cable TV multiple system operator (MSO) Cox
Communications has found that once consumers buy a cable
modem from Cox or an electronic store they are far less
likely to churn and move to another wireline Internet
provider, such as a phone company. Consumers who purchase
access this year and pay $250-$300 for a cable modem are
not likely to pay an additional $300 for a DSL modem any
time soon.
The competitive turbulence apparent in wireline local
access is just one aspect of an increasingly uncertain
competitive picture. The main question is whether the
local phone companies are ready to change their ways and
become much more nimble in developing and marketing
products. Phone companies are going to have to learn some
lessons from the computer and consumer electronic
companies. For the telcos to succeed, new products are
going to have to be rolled out quickly while long-term
projects have to be conceived, designed, implemented, and
deliver a payoff in less than five years. The future of
the phone companies depends on shorter term projects with
life cycles akin to the extremely short life cycles of
PCs.
The Market
The crux of this report lies in the increasing importance
of broadband services as a fraction of the revenue from
all the communications services to the household. While
consumer narrowband and cable television growth rates are
forecast at four to nine percent, high-speed data access
is forecast to grow at an almost 100 percent rate, albeit
from a very low initial volume.
It is Insight’s belief that as we move beyond the
forecast period (2005 and beyond), high-speed access
growth rates will grow at an even more rapid pace than
today. We base this expectation on a number of findings
derived from our proprietary survey of 1,018 respondents.
Among our findings were:
- Males are consistently more likely to own or expect to
own this set of existing and emerging broadband
technologies than females.
- The responses we gathered suggest that high-speed
access providers, whether a cable TV company or telephone
company, are going to capture at least 14 percent of
households, or about 14 million unit sales by the end of
1999.
- At current prices of $250-$350 per unit, we are
estimating an achievable two year sales total of $4.2
billion in high-speed modem equipment sales alone.
- While race and ethnicity had an impact on interest and
ownership of existing technologies, our survey did not
find any discernible interest in future technology based
upon race or ethnic background. No racial or ethnic
differences were apparent for interest in high-speed
phone lines, Internet usage, or satellite TV.
- Yet as we demonstrate in Insight’s study entitled
Telecommunications Marketing to Ethnic Groups, changing US demographic patterns are going
to make marketing in the new century increasingly a
question of delivering messages in a multi-ethnic
cross-cultural environment.
- Not surprisingly, we see interest increase as income
rises for such emerging technologies as high-speed phone
lines, satellite TV, and Internet usage.
- The $35K+ households is something of a dividing line;
households with this income level show a consistently
significant higher level of interest over households with
lower incomes.
- Interestingly, income level has no impact on interest
in interactive TV. Perhaps it is because the benefit and
interest in interactivity is satisfied in some households
by the Internet while the desire for entertainment is
satisfied by regular or cable TV. If the interactive
capability were to be improved to allow for simultaneous
entertainment and information usage, then perhaps
consumer preference would change dramatically.
Scope of Report
This report examines in depth the driving forces and
growth of the demand for broadband access among US
consumers. Chapter II provides an introduction as well as
an overview of some of the more critical drivers
influencing the trend toward broadband access and of the
three types of technologies featured in this report: xDSL, cable modems, and wireless and satellite.
Chapter III discusses the types of applications driving
the demand for broadband access and estimates the size of
different segments of the consumer broadband market. The
Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are the most
important drivers for this market, and therefore some of
the applications discussed in this report are the
innovative and new Internet-based applications that are
spurring consumers to purchase broadband access. Some
typical applications are:
- home shopping or electronic commerce,
- Internet telephony,
- video telephony,
- entertainment,
- gaming (including gambling over the Internet), and
- adult entertainment (one of the most sought after
commodities).
Chapter IV discusses the three distribution media.
Wireline, wireless, and satellite technologies use
different methods for delivering broadband access to the
consumer. Wireline technology includes all the types of
technology that rely on physical wires to deliver
broadband access; for example, telephone or cable wires.
Wireless technology includes the differing types of
wireless approaches, such as MMDS and LMDS, to deliver
data and video. Discussion of satellite distribution is
restricted to direct broadcasting satellites (DBS) and
does not include the older C-band satellites. The
description of each technology also includes a full
explanation of the costs and benefits of using them to
deliver broadband access. The status of market trials or
commercial operations is reported on.
Chapter V analyzes the service providers for broadband
access and profiles the key industry players and vendors.
The report summarizes the strategies and growth prospects
for all the key players and discusses how the companies
plan to implement their strategies. The vendor profiles
analyze the company’s standing and describes their
consumer broadband products.
Chapter VI discusses the results of a proprietary survey
conducted in March, 1998 of over 1,000 randomly selected
consumers. Their responses are analyzed by demographic
criteria to show consumer interest in various types of
broadband applications and requirements.
Chapter VII forecasts the growth of broadband access in
three distribution media: xDSL, cable modems, and
wireless and satellite. The overall growth of broadband
access is provided from 1998 to 2003. Forecasts include
growth in the number of Internet access subscribers,
growth by type of connection, market share of competing
technologies, and consumer expenditures for online
access. The chapter also includes a discussion of the
future of the broadband market and what telcos must do to
compete successfully in this radically changing
environment.
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Market Segmentation
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- Access Method
- Cable Modem
- xDSL
- Satellite/Wireless
- Analog Modem
- ISDN
- Consumer Technology
Penetration
- PCs
- PCs with Modems
- High-Speed Access Lines
- Internet Connections
- Satellite TV
- Interactive TV
- Services Revenue by
Access Method
- Demographics
- Age
- Race
- Gender
- Income Level
- Marital Status
- Household Size
- Education Level
- Employment Status
- Presence of Children
- Geographic Region
- Metropolitan Area Status
- Traditional Local, Long Distance,
Wireless, Wireless CATV, Non-wireline CATV, High-Speed Access, Potential/New
Broadband
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Table of Contents
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Chapter I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 The Issues
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Scope of Report
Chapter II
DEMAND FOR BROADBAND SERVICES
2.1 Why Consumers Want Broadband
2.1.1 Potential Applications Using Broadband
2.1.2 Residential Computer Usage
2.1.3 Internet and Multimedia Applications Create Need
for Broadband Services
2.1.3 Cable Broadband Service
2.2 Projecting Demand for High-Speed Access
2.2.1 Size of Consumer Broadband Market
2.2.1.1 How Many People Are Online, Anyway
2.2.2 Types of Households Purchasing Broadband Services
2.2.3 Understanding the Internet’s Rapid Growth
2.3 Broadband Technologies
2.4 Broadband Technologies
2.4.1 Broadband Wireline Technologies
2.4.1.1 DSL Technologies
2.4.1.2 ISDN
2.4.1.3 Cable Modems & HFC Cable
2.4.2 Broadband Wireless Technologies
2.4.3 Consumer Satellite Services
Chapter III
APPLICATIONS FOR CONSUMER BROADBAND
3.1 Consumer Demand for Applications and Content
3.1.1 IP Telephony
3.1.1.1 Video Conferencing Over the Internet
3.1.1.2 Audio and Video over the Internet
3.1.2 Interactive Television
3.1.3 HDTV
3.2 Consumers Online
3.2.1 Work-at-Home Requirements
3.2.2 Children Online
3.3 Leading Consumer Sectors for the Broadband Market
3.3.1 Home Shopping
3.3.1.1 Buying Clothing from the Web
3.3.1.2 Buying Music from the Web
3.3.1.3 Buying Publications Electronically
3.3.1.4 Buying Greeting Cards from the Web
3.3.2 Online Financial Services
3.3.3 Consumer Travel
3.3.4 City Guides
3.3.5 Online Classified Advertisements
3.3.6 Adult Entertainment
3.3.7 Sports
3.3.8 Interactive Gaming
3.3.9 Gambling
3.3.9.1 Internet Casinos
3.3.9.2 Horse Wagering
3.3.9.3 Sports Wagering
3.3.9.4 Lotteries
3.4 Leading Content Providers for Consumers
3.4.1 America Online, Inc.
3.4.2 Yahoo! Inc.
3.4.3 Excite, Inc.
Chapter IV
TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROVIDING
BROADBAND ACCESS
4.1 Introduction: The Development of Broadband Networks
4.1.1 Cable Alternatives To Copper Wiring
4.1.2 Alternative Wireless Technologies
4.2 High-Speed Wireline Telco Technologies
4.2.1 Digital Subscriber Line - xDSL
4.2.1.1 Constraints on xDSL Technology
4.2.1.2 Central Office/Customer Premises Equipment for
xDSL
4.2.1.3 ADSL
4.2.1.4 ADSL Lite
4.2.1.5 RADSL
4.2.1.6 HDSL
4.2.1.7 IDSL
4.2.1.8 xDSL Trials by Telcos
4.2.2 ISDN
4.2.2.1 Consumer ISDN Technology
4.2.2.2 Bumpy Road to ISDN
4.2.2.3 ISDN Prices
4.3 High-Speed Wireline Cable Technologies
4.3.1 Upgrades of the Cable Plant
4.3.1.1 Solutions to Future Congestion
4.3.1.2 Cableco Upgrades
4.3.1.3 Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Cable
4.3.1.4 Spread Spectrum
4.3.2 Set Top Boxes
4.3.3 Cable Modems
4.3.3.1 Adoption of Cable Modems
4.3.3.2 Demand for Cable Modems Exceeds Supply in 1998
4.3.4 Digital Set Top and Cable Modem Standards
4.3.4.1 Open Cable Initiative
4.3.4.2 MCNS-DOCSIS
4.3.4.3 Other Broadband Cable Standards
4.3.5 Pricing of Broadband Cable Services
4.4 Terrestrial High-Speed Wireless Distribution
4.4.1 Advantages of Broadband Wireless Over Wireline
Services
4.4.2 LMDS
4.4.3 MMDS and Other Wireless Cable Services
4.4.3.1 Digital MMDS
4.5 Direct-to-Home Terrestrial Satellite Distribution
Systems
4.5.1 DBS Equipment
4.5.1.1 DBS Transmission
4.5.1.2 DBS Programming
Chapter V
SERVICES, INDUSTRY PLAYERS,
AND VENDOR PROFILES
5.1 Service Providers & Their Offerings
5.1.1 @Home — Broadband Service Provider for
Consumers
5.1.1.1 @Home’s Content for Consumers
5.1.1.2 Merger Talks and Mergers
5.1.2 RoadRunner–MediaOne
5.1.2.1 RoadRunner’s Merger with MediaOne
5.1.3 AOL’s Broadband Services
5.1.3.1 AOL’s Agreements with Content Providers
5.1.4 RBOCs’ Internet Access Services
5.1.4.1 Ameritech.net — A Leading Example
5.1.5 AT&T WorldNet — Internet Service
5.1.6 MCI’s Broadband Service for Consumers
5.1.7 GTE’s Web-based E-Mail
5.1.8 Satellite Broadband Providers
5.1.8.1 DirecTV and USSB
5.1.8.2 PrimeStar
5.1.8.3 EchoStar
5.1.8.4 DirecPC
5.1.8.5 CyberStar
5.2 Vendor Profiles
5.2.1 Aware, Inc.
5.2.2 Cisco Systems, Inc.
5.2.2.1 Routers and Networking
5.2.2.2 Cisco Pursues Cable Modems & ADSL
5.2.2.3 Partnerships, Mergers, & Agreements
5.2.3 General Instrument Corp.
5.2.3.1 Agreements, Deals, and Partnerships
5.2.3.2 General Instrument’s Products
5.2.4 Lucent Technologies, Inc.
5.2.4.1 New Internet Products
5.2.5 Microsoft Corp.
5.2.6 Motorola, Inc.
5.2.6.1 Agreements & Alliances
5.2.6.2 Products
5.2.7 PairGain Technologies, Inc.
5.2.8 Paradyne Corporation
5.2.9 Scientific-Atlanta, Inc.
5.2.9.1 Two-way, Digital Cable Modems
5.2.10 Sony Corporation
5.2.11 Tele-Communications, Inc.
5.2.11.1 Headend in the Sky
5.2.11.2 Agreements with Set Top Box Developers
Chapter VI
RESULTS OF MARKETING STUDY
6.1 Description of Study
6.1.1 Segmentation Covers all US Households
6.2 Analysis Based on Basic Characteristics of Consumers
6.2.1 Gender
6.2.2 Race
6.2.3 Age
6.2.4 Marital Status
6.2.5 Level of Education
6.2.6 Employment Status
6.2.7 Income Level
6.3 Analysis Based on Characteristics of Household
6.3.1 Household Size
6.3.2 Presence of Children
6.3.3 Region
6.3.3.1 Location in a Metropolitan Area
Chapter VII
FORECASTS OF CONSUMER
BROADBAND MARKETS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Forces Driving Demand Forecasts for Internet Access
7.2.1 Model
7.2.2 Assumptions
7.3 Two Possible Scenarios
7.3.1 Overall Demand
7.3.2 A Possible Growth Scenario: Cable Catches On
Quickly
7.3.3 Another Growth Scenario: xDSL Catches On Quickly,
Scenario #2
7.4 US Broadband Revenue from Consumer Services
7.5 The Future of Broadband
7.5.1 xDSL Service Rollout
7.5.1.1 Marketing xDSL
7.5.1.2 Need for xDSL Standardization
Appendix
QUESTIONS ASKED IN MARKET SURVEY
List of Questions
Table of Figures
Chapter I
I-1 US Consumer Telecommunications and CATV Services
Revenue, 1998-2003 ($Billions)
I-2 US Consumer Telecom Revenue from Various Broadband
Technologies, 1998-2003 ($Billions)
Chapter II
II-1 US Revenue from Existing and Potential Consumer
Applications that Require Broadband Technology, 1998-2003
($Billions)
II-2 Portion of US Consumer Video and Music Market that
Broadband Applications Will Capture, 1998 and 2003
($Billions)
II-3 Portion of US Consumer Interactive Digital Media
Market that Broadband Applications Will Capture, 1998 and
2003 ($Billions)
II-4 Penetration of US Households by PCs, 1998-2003
(Millions)
II-5 Growth of US Households with PCs and Households
Online, 1998-2003 (Millions)
II-6 Time Needed to Download 12 Meg/3.5 Minute Video Clip
(Logarithmic Scale)
II-7 Number of Internet Subscribers by Provider, 1998
(Thousands)
II-8 Internet Subscribers by Income and Age, 1998
II-9 Diffusion Rates of Selected Technologies
II-10 Growth of Internet Hosts, 1994-1998 (Thousands)
II-11 Installations of New Lines Worldwide, 1997 and 2000
(Millions)
II-12 Market Share of Penetration of Broadband
Technologies in 1998 and 2003
II-13 Percent of US Population Subscribing to Cable
Television, 1994-2003
Chapter III
III-1 Online Households That Do Online Shopping,
1998-2003 (Millions)
III-2 Projected Growth of E-retailing By Category, 1996
and 1997 ($Millions)
III-3 Online Clothing Purchases, 1998-2002 ($Millions)
III-4 Comparison of the Number of Online Music Households
and Revenue from Online Music, 1997-2002
Chapter IV
IV-1 LMDS Network Architecture
IV-2 MMDS Network Architecture
Chapter V
V-1 @Home Network Architecture Map
V-2 ISP Market Share, 1998
V-3 US DBS Market Share, 1998
Chapter VI
VI-1 Penetration of Selected Consumer Technologies
Related to Broadband, 1998
VI-2 PC Penetration, by Gender, 1998
VI-3 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Gender, 1998
VI-4 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Gender, 1998
VI-5 PC Penetration, by Race, 1998
VI-6 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by Race,
1998
VI-7 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Race, 1998
VI-8 PC Penetration, by Age, 1998
VI-9 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by Age,
1998
VI-10 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Age, 1998
VI-11 PC Penetration, by Marital Status, 1998
VI-12 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Marital Status, 1998
VI-13 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Marital Status, 1998
VI-14 PC Penetration, by Level of Education, 1998
VI-15 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by Level
of Education, 1998
VI-16 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Level of Education, 1998
VI-17 PC Penetration, by Employment Status, 1998
VI-18 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Employment Status, 1998
VI-19 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Employment Status, 1998
VI-20 PC Penetration, by Income Level, 1998
VI-21 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Income Level, 1998
VI-22 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Income Level, 1998
VI-23 PC Penetration, by Household Size, 1998
VI-24 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Household Size, 1998
VI-25 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Household Size, 1998
VI-26 PC Penetration, by Presence of Children, 1998
VI-27 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Presence of Children, 1998
VI-28 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Whether Children Reside in Household,
1998
VI-29 PC Penetration, by Geographic Region, 1998
VI-30 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Geographic Region, 1998
VI-31 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Geographic Region, 1998
VI-32 PC Penetration, by Location in Metropolitan Area,
1998
VI-33 Broadband Technology Expected to Own Soon, by
Location in Metropolitan Area, 1998
VI-34 Penetration of Present and Future Broadband
Technologies by Location in Metropolitan or
Non-Metropolitan Area, 1998
Chapter VII
VII-1 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems, 1997-2003
VII-2 Market Share of Various Types of Internet Access,
1997 and 2003
VII-3 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems If Cable Catches On Quickly, 1997-2003
VII-4 Market Share of Various Types of Internet Access If
Cable Catches On Quickly, 1997 and 2003
VII-5 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access If Cable
Catches On Quickly, 1997-2003 ($Millions)
VII-6 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access If Cable
Catches On Quickly, by Broadband Technology, 1997-2003
($Millions)
VII-7 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems If xDSL Catches On, 1997-2003
VII-8 Market Share of Various Types of Internet Access If
xDSL Catches On, 1997 and 2003
VII-9 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access If xDSL
Catches On, 1997-2003 ($Millions)
VII-10 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access If xDSL
Catches On, by Broadband Technology, 1997-2003
($Millions)
VII-11 US Consumer Telecommunications and CATV Services
Revenue, 1998-2003 ($Billions)
VII-12 US Consumer Telecom Revenue from Broadband
Technologies, 1998-2003 ($Billions)
Table of Tables
Chapter II
II-1 US Revenue from Existing and Potential Consumer
Applications that Require Broadband Technology, 1998-2003
($Billions)
II-2 PC and Online Penetration of US Households,
1998-2003 (Millions)
II-3 Time Needed to Download 12 Meg/3.5 Minute Video Clip
Chapter III
III-1 Digital Television Broadcast Rollout Schedule, 1999
III-2 Most Frequently Visited Web Sites, 1998 (Millions)
III-3 Projected Growth of E-retailing By Category, 1996
and 1997 ($Millions)
III-4 Most Popular Retail Sites on the Web, 1998
(Millions)
III-5 Forecast of Online Music Purchases, 1998-2003
III-6 Web Sites of Travel Companies (Millions)
III-7 Web Sports Sites, 1998
Chapter V
V-1 RoadRunner’s Markets
Chapter VI
VI-1 Penetration of Selected Consumer Technologies
Related to Broadband, by Gender, 1998
VI-2 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs by Race, 1998
VI-3 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs by Age Group, 1998
VI-4 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs, by Marital Status, 1998
VI-5 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs, by Level of Education, 1998
VI-6 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs, by Employment Status, 1998
VI-7 Penetration of Selected Consumer Technologies
Related to Broadband, by Income Group, 1998
VI-8 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs, by Household Size, 1998
VI-9 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating to
Broadband Needs, by Presence of Children, 1998
VI-10 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating
to Broadband Needs, by Geographic Region, 1998
VI-11 Selected Consumer Technology Penetration Relating
to Broadband Needs, by Location in Metropolitan Area,
1998
Chapter VII
VII-1 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems, 1997-2003
VII-2 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems If Cable Catches On Quickly, 1997-2003
VII-3 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access If Cable
Catches On Quickly, 1997-2003 ($Millions)
VII-4 Share of Internet Access Using Various Types of
Modems If xDSL Catches On, 1997-2003
VII-5 Consumer Expenditures for Internet Access Using
xDSL If xDSL Catches On, 1997-2003 ($Millions)
VII-6 US Consumer Telecommunications and CATV Services
Revenue, 1998-2003 ($Billions)
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